Prevención de la trata de personas

• Address all the 4Ps to ensure the anti-human-trafficking programme is effective. 

• Undertake strategic planning to explore opportunities for national collaboration and to define national priorities on combating trafficking in persons, in pursuit of Sustainable Developmental Goals targets 5.2, 8.7, and 16.2. 

• Ratify and implement relevant law, including human rights and labour standards, in compliance with international law and standards. Raise awareness among legal practitioners of the legal frameworks that can be brought to bear in approaching trafficking in persons. 

• Create coordination mechanisms or bodies to implement the comprehensive national strategy. 

In July 2020, the Government of Uganda launched its second National Action Plan for Prevention of Trafficking in Persons, and the National Referral Guidelines for Management of Victims of Trafficking. This plan builds upon lessons learnt from the first National Action Plan on Prevention of Trafficking in Persons which identified five strategic objectives. These objectives were: enhancing national policies and legal frameworks; increasing successful prosecutions; reducing vulnerability to human trafficking; improving victim protection and assistance mechanisms; and developing well-coordinated systems and structures to manage the crime.  

The plan aims to establish structures and systems to prevent the crime in a sustainable way. To achieve this, it will develop curricula and training courses to systematically identify, protect, and support victims; to improve effective investigations and prosecution, and to strengthen cooperation between the different actors at both the national and transnational levels. 

In some parts of the world, migration (even when it is undertaken by risky, irregular methods, relying on traffickers or smugglers) is a long-established cultural rite of passage, particularly for young men and adolescent boys. Women and girls are often marginalized and do not have access to the same opportunities men and boys do, including access to full and reliable information about legal channels of migration and terms and conditions of work. These factors can entrench their vulnerability to dishonest recruitment agents and traffickers. They are then susceptible to gendered forms of violence, discrimination and exploitation including physical, emotional and sexual violence and exploitation, domestic work, and child marriage or forced marriage. In some countries it is common practice for children to be entrusted to more affluent relatives living elsewhere, ostensibly with a view to improving the situation of the children and their families, but it is a situation that can result in exploitation. Read further in Gender and Migration.

• To prevent trafficking in persons, address root causes and the factors that render people vulnerable to being trafficked. 

• Traffickers often select their victims from among vulnerable people. Therefore, establish and support mechanisms to identify, protect and assist persons vulnerable to exploitation. Such mechanisms should pay specific attention to gendered forms of exploitation such as child marriage or forced marriage.  

• Ensure that potential migrants vulnerable to exploitation, especially women and girls, are properly informed about the risks of migration (such as exploitation, debt bondage and health and security issues). 

• Adopt measures to reduce vulnerability by ensuring that appropriate legal documentation for birth, citizenship and marriage is provided and made available to all persons. 

• Design counter-trafficking measures that do not negatively interfere with safe, orderly and regular migration. Policies introduced to prevent trafficking by curtailing movement may instead make people more vulnerable to exploitation.  

• Create safe and legal pathways to migrate to help decrease the vulnerability of migrants to being trafficked.  

• Provide full and reliable information to migrants about legal channels of migration and the terms of condition of work. This helps migrants migrate safely and minimizes their risk of being trafficked. This could be done in the format of information campaigns (see principles of effective communication).

• Inter-Agency Coordination Group against Trafficking in Persons (ICAT), A Toolkit for guidance in designing and evaluating counter-trafficking programmes: Harnessing accumulated knowledge to respond to trafficking in persons, 2016.

• Enact legislation to hold companies to account, including to encourage them to eradicate human trafficking and associated forms of abuse and exploitation from their operations as well as their supply chains, e.g. by disclosing their anti-trafficking policies and efforts  
• Take steps to eliminate trafficking in public procurement processes
• Regulate recruitment agencies to ensure that migrant workers are not at risk of using unscrupulous recruitment agencies
• In countries of origin for migrant workers, put in place policies to ensure that citizens enter markets in countries that protect the rights of migrant workers 
• In countries of destination for migrant workers, put in place policies to protect the rights of migrant workers
• Build relationships with private sector actors to ensure that their role in labour migration is positive and call private sector partners to account where their actions do not accord with labour regulations or increase vulnerability of migrants to forced labour or trafficking for the purpose of forced labour.
• Take measures to improve the regulations on informal sectors, such as domestic work.
• Promote ethical recruitment, by taking action against unscrupulous agents and brokers who offer services to provide or employ labour, but offer jobs that do not exist, misrepresent conditions of work, falsify contracts or confiscate documents, or charge recruitment fees
• Educate consumers about the role they can play in combating exploitation through their purchasing decisions

In line with the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, some governments have committed themselves to take steps to eliminate trafficking in their own procurement process. Increasingly, to achieve their obligations under international law, States have also enacted legislation requiring that companies take steps to eradicate human trafficking and associated forms of abuse and exploitation from their operations as well as their supply chains. Examples include the California Transparency in Supply Chains Act (2010), the United Kingdom Modern Slavery Act (2015), and Australia’s Modern Slavery Act (2018). As a result, an increasing number of businesses are taking action to prevent and mitigate the risks of human trafficking in their operations and supply chains, usually in partnership with business peers, civil society, and other organizations.

• United Nations, Protect, Respect, and Remedy: A framework for business and human rights, 2008.
  
  The Framework rests on three pillars: (1) the State duty to protect against human rights abuses by third parties, including businesses; (2) the corporate responsibility to respect human rights; and (3) greater access by victims to effective remedy. 

• United Nations, Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, 2011.
  
  Provides a set of guidelines that operationalize the Protect, Respect and Remedy Framework and further define the key duties and responsibilities of States and business enterprises with regard to business-related human-rights abuses. 

• The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises.  
  
  Provides non-binding principles and standards for responsible business conduct. 

• OECD, Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Business Conduct, 2018. 
  
  Provides practical support to enterprises on the implementation of the OECD Guidelines.  

• The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), Model Guidelines on Government Measures to Prevent Trafficking for Labour Exploitation in Supply Chains, 2018.
  
  Offers guidance to policymakers in developing frameworks and promoting regulatory practices to protect government and corporate supply chains from human trafficking and labour exploitation. 

• IOM, Remediation Guidelines for Victims of Exploitation in Extended Mineral Supply Chains, 2018. 
  
  Provides practical guidance to companies to ensure that victims identified in their operations or supply chains are provided with effective remedy, in cooperation with local State and non-State protection actors.