Implementation – the process of turning policy decisions into action – can be challenging, particularly if the policies are complex and multifaceted, and if implementation requires the coordination and cooperation of many actors, as migration policies often do. Overambitious scheduling and underbudgeting of deliverables can be a common reason for failure. A fit-for-purpose approach that builds on solid investment during the formulation and adoption stages is the ideal scenario.

Policy Approaches
Necessary preconditions for successful policy implementation
  • The policy’s programmatic components are based on a sound plan
  • Time and financial resources are adequate
  • The decisions, authority and accountabilities are clearly defined and give structure to the implementation process
  • Leaders and implementing actors have the right skills to manage the tasks
  • The public, constituency groups and other stakeholders are supportive of the policy and adequately resourced if relevant
  • The implementation process is not undermined by conflicting policies or changes in socioeconomic conditions

 

Source

Sabatier and Mazmanian, 1980.

It is important to note that even the best implementation planning cannot necessarily overcome fundamental shortcomings and oversights from the policy formulation phase, nor from other variables outside the control of the policymakers.

Key messages
  • Implementation is most effective if the formulation and adoption processes have been sound.
  • Other required preconditions for successful implementation are related to planning, resources, decision-making processes, stakeholder support and coherence with other policy areas.



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